Política industrial y empleo en Sudamérica: Un análisis estructural multisectorial

Abstract

In the early 21st century, structural changes in global trade, technological progress, and geopolitical tensions redefined the dynamics of industrial employment. Following the 2008 financial crisis, globalization and industrial offshoring began to slow down, giving rise to shorter and more regionally concentrated production configurations. In this context, industrial policy has reemerged as a key tool in response to job loss and the deterioration of employment conditions. This study analyzes the capacity of South American industrial subsystems to generate employment in terms of both quantity and socioeconomic quality. Using multi-country input-output matrices, production and employment multipliers are estimated, incorporating dimensions such as formality, educational level, female participation, and the temporality of effects. The results underscore the relevance of development-oriented industrial policies aimed at strengthening the regional labor market, particularly in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and information technology.